Joints



Individual bones of the skull are joined by sutures.
A suture is an example of a fibrous joint



Joints are formed when bones come in close proximity to each others and they are mainly of three types; fibrous, cartilagenous and synovial.



Fibruos joints are formed when a fibrous tissue unite between bones.

 

All the joints in the midline of the body are secondary cartilagenous joints

 

The synovial joints are the most complex among the three and they allow the widest range of movement




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On the other hand cartilagenous joints are of two types, primary and secondary. What differentiate them into these two main sub- categories?

can you recall examples for these?

Assignments

Hands and feet

Mnemonis

Mnemonics is a technique to improve memory. Anatomy makes use of mnemonics and it is fun.

The most common one is the one used to memorize the names and sequence od the Carpal bones; "She Looks Too Pretty, Try To Catch Her". The first letter of each word in the sentence refers to a carpal bone (ie, Scaphoid, Lunate,Triquitral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate)

Another one for the muscles that flex the elbow

Three B's Bend the elBow:
Brachialis
Biceps
Brachioradialis

The one that I like is the one that describes the attachment of muscles at the intertubecular groove of humerus
"A Lady between two majors"Teres major attaches to medial lip of groove.
Pectoralis major to lateral lip of groove.
Latissimus (Lady) is on floor of groove, between the 2 majors.
For more mnemonics please refer to
http://www.medicalmnemonics.com/

The Peripheral Nerves

The Lower Limb

The Lower limb has the same general plan of the upper limb BUT the flexor compartment is located posteriorly and the extensor compartment is located anteriorly.

To get an insigt into the structures and their function, I recommend the cross sectional approach!

For example, the above illustration is a cross section in the mid thigh region. This section demonstrates three distinct muscle groups; the anterior group (Knee extensors) that are mainly supplied by the femoral nerve. The posterior group or what is known as the hamstring muscles are supplied by the sciatic nerve. The medial compartment is accomodated by adductor muscles and supplied by the obturator nerve. We use our addutors mainly when we ride on a horse!!!!!

Now here is my question where is the abductors of the thigh?

The Upper Limb

In this section, we are going to discuss the skeletal musculature of the upper limb.

Muscles act in groups to perform  a certain movement (synergist).
A particular action is reversed by a group called antogonists.

The muscles in the upper limb are divided into flexors (anterior) and extensors (posterior) muscles.

The regions of the upper limb are the arm, forearm, and hand.



What is the nerve supply of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm.
Name their nerve supply.
Which of these muscles does not reach the elbow?


Muscles of the posterior aspect of arm



The Vertebral Column

Our next stop is the vertebral column
How much do you think that you know about the vertebral column, the vertebrae and their articulations? It is about time to find out!



The posterior aspect of the vertebral column

 1- Name the regions of the vertebral column.
2- How many vertebrae are there in each region?
3- What are the parts of a vertebra?
4- What are the charecteristics of cervical vertebrae?

The Winking Skull ;)

Dear Students

I will try in this section to help you to get to know the skull.

Please try not to be overwhelmed with the terminology. It is not as difficult as it seems!

1- What is the name of bone coloured pink?

2- What are the bone markings (bony landmarks) on this bone?
3- Does it contribute to the formation of the orbit?
4- Name the bones that contribute to the formation of 
    the zygomatic arch.
5- Name the bones that form the hard palate.




Now here is the hard question
Is there a suture uniting between the parts of the bone?